压力补偿式滴头结构优化及性能测试

Optimal Design and Testing of Pressure-compensated Drip Irrigation Emitter

灌水器作为滴灌系统的核心部件,其性能直接影响到滴灌系统的灌水质量和使用寿命。【目的】针对我国滴灌系统推广应用中普遍存在的灌水均匀度低、滴头易堵塞等技术问题,在对压力补偿式滴头工作原理研究的基础上,优化设计滴头的压力补偿区和流道结构。【方法】通过对比分析,选定硅胶作为弹性膜片的原材料,并确定了弹性膜片的结构参数;根据Ansys-Fluent软件模拟的不同流道结构的流场分布特点及流道不同结构参数条件下的水力性能特点,确定了滴头流道的结构形式和结构参数。【结果】通过产品试制及实测试验,研发的压力补偿式滴头的制造偏差系数为2.05%,流态指数为0.048,灌水均匀度为96.34%。【结论】结构优化的滴头的压力补偿性能好,灌水均匀度高,可在高效滴灌技术中进一步推广。

【Objective】The emitter is a core component of drip irrigation and its performance affects the quality and life expectancy of the whole irrigation system. The objective of this paper is to present methods to improve the emitter design in attempts to resolve some problems commonly encountered in drip irrigation such as poor irrigation uniformity and emitter blockage, by optimizing the pressure compensation area and the flow channel structure in the emitter.【Method】The pressure-compensation emitter was taken as examples. We used silica gel to make the elastic diaphragm and calculated its associated structural parameters. Water flow through the system was simulated by the Ansys-Fluent, from which we analyzed the impact of channel structure on water velocity and pressure distribution, as well as the hydraulic characteristics under different structural parameters combinations.【Result】Analysis of the emitter manufactured based on the proposed methods showed that the manufacture deviation was 2.06%, the flow index was 0.048, and the irrigation uniformity was 96.34%.【Conclusion】The pressure-compensation emitter manufactured by the proposed methods improved the compensation efficiency and irrigation uniformity, and they can be also used to design other high efficient drip irrigation systems.