中国油橄榄产业创新驱动发展的现状、趋势和对策

The status quo and trends of China olive industry innovation-driven development and relevant countermeasures

油橄榄是世界四大木本油料树种之一,用其果实冷榨而成的橄榄油是世界著名的食用植物油脂,对人体健康具有重要作用,被誉为"液体黄金"。中国从1964年开始引种,现已发展到12省市37个地级市67个市县,总面积8万hm2,已成为适生区的新型特色产业。文中阐述了中国油橄榄产业的发展现状,分析了今后产业发展的"五大"趋势:坚持"五大"发展理念,多元化发展趋势明显;"三极"发展势头强劲,长江"液体黄金带"将现雏形;良种繁育和种植技术将进一步提升,"挂果关、丰产关"将有较大突破;初榨油生产线不断增多,鲜果处理能力进一步增强;橄榄油的国内市场将转暖升温,与国外进口油的低价竞争将持续。文中同时提出了实现产业创新驱动的"十化"目标:提高认识,加大持续扶持力度,实现油橄榄产业发展常态化;打造中国长江"液体黄金带",实现我国油橄榄基地规模化;加强对山水田林路的综合整治,实现油橄榄园基础设施配套化;加大优良品种选育力度,实现生产基地品种良种化;提升国产橄榄油的知名度,实现中国自主品牌名优化;加快科技成果集成转化,实现栽培管理技术标准化;强力支持研发能力建设,实现特色产品加工精深化;加强油橄榄科研团队建设,实现科技人才队伍专业化;实施创新驱动发展战略,实现各级研发平台共享化;积极加入国际油橄榄理事会,实现中国油橄榄产业国际化。

Olive tree is one of the four wooden oil plants in the world. The olive oil which is cold-pressed by its fruit is world famous edible vegetable oil and has an important role in human health. The oil is known as ＂liquid gold＂ . China has introduced olive trees since 1964. Now the olive trees have been planted in 67 cities and counties which belongs to 37 Prefecture-level cities in 12 provinces and municipalities, with a total area of 80 000 hm2, and began to be the new characteristic industry of the potential distribution in China. The paper expounded the current status of China olive industry, analyzed the five major trends of the industry development in the future, and proposed ＂ten goals＂ realizing industrial innovation-driven： adhere to the ＂five development concept＂ and the diversified development trend is obvious. ＂Three-pole＂ development momentum is strong and the liquid gold belt＂ of the Yangtze fiver will begin to take shape. Improved seed breeding and planting technology will be further improved, and the bottleneck of fruiting and high- yield will have many breakthroughs. The production line of extra virgin oil is increasing and the fresh fruit processing capacity is further enhanced. The domestic market of olive oil is warming and the low price competition with imported oil will continue. At the same time, the ten goals of industrial innovation-driven has been put forward： raising awareness, continuously increasing support for the industry, realizing the normalization of the olive industry development. Making China＇s ＂liquid gold belt＂ of the Yangtze river and realizing the scale development of China＇s olive bases. By the comprehensively improvement of the orchards, and realizing an integrated system of infrastructure of the olive groves.Intensifying the selection and breeding of fine varieties to improve the varieties of olive bases. Improving the popularity of domestic olive oil and realizing the optimization of China＇s own brands. Quickening the transfer of scientific and technological achievements in order to make the techniques of cultivation and managements standardization. Support R＆D capacity building strongly, deepening the processing of specialty products. Strengthening the construction of olive research teams and realizing the professionalization of scientific and technological talents. Implementing the innovation- driven development strategies, and achieving the sharing of R＆D platforms. Joining the International Olive Council actively and realizing the internationalization of China＇s olive industry.