蓝莓初花期落花规律研究

Study on the law of inflorescence of blueberry in the early flowering stage

为研究蓝莓初花期正常花与落花的差异性,从而为蓝莓花前复剪技术提供参考。在4年生‘灿烂’蓝莓的初花期,采用田间随机区组试验设计对蓝莓落花的分布枝类型、落花率低与落花率高枝条上正常花朵和落花花朵的生物学特性进行测定与分析。结果表明:(1)初花期落花主要集中在短枝与长枝上,中长枝的落花率最低,且枝长在同一长度范围的情况下单枝叶片数较多、枝粗均值较小的落花率要高于单枝叶片数较少、枝粗均值较大的枝条。(2)落花花朵的长、宽、花托直径、花柱长、花柱柱头直径的数学分布区间与正常花朵相对应的数学分布区间不同,分布比例也不同。(3)落花率与叶花比、花柄长呈显著性正相关;与花柄直径呈显著性负相关。综上所述,建议在‘灿烂’蓝莓初花期,可适当剪去叶片较多的长枝、短枝,也可对其进行摘叶处理;对个体偏大或偏小、花柄过长的花朵可进行疏花处理。

To study the difference of normal flower and falling flower in the early flowering of blueberry, and to provide the reference for the blueberry flower cutting technique. In this study, the biological characteristics of normal flowers and flowers were observed and measured in the early flowering period of four-year-old Britewell, and the distribution pattern of blueberries was analyzed by field random sampling experiment. The results showed that： （1） The initial flowering period was mainly on the short branch and the length branch, and the lengthest branch was the lowest, and the branch length was the same in the same length. The flowering rate was higher than that of the single branches and the branches with larger mean value.（2） The length of the flower, the width of the flower, the length of the style, the mathematical distribution of the stem diameter of the style and the corresponding distribution range of the normal flower are different. （3） There was a significant positive correlation between the rate of fallen flower and the ratio of flower to flower, and the diameter of flower handle was negatively correlated with flower diameter. In the Britewell blueberry early flowering, may be appropriate to cut leaves more long branches, short branches, but also for its leaf picking treatment; on the individual too large or too small, too long flower flower flowers to deal with flowers.