抗生素的生态毒性效应研究进展

Advance in Ecological Toxicity of Antibiotics

长期以来,抗生素大量用于防治人类和动物疾病,促进牲畜生长。由于抗生素机体代谢率较低,进入人类和动物体内后不能被完全吸收,大部分抗生素以原药或代谢物的形式排入环境中,造成环境介质中的残留。环境中的抗生素会对水体和土壤介质产生不同程度的毒性效应,甚至还会诱导抗性基因的产生,给人类生活健康带来严重威胁。文章介绍了抗生素的使用和污染现状,着重分析了抗生素对水生态环境以及土壤环境的毒性效应,对抗生素抗性基因问题进行了讨论,提出了目前抗生素研究中存在的一些问题,并对未来研究做出了相应展望。

For a long time, a large number of antibiotics were used in the medical treatment, diseases prevention, and livestock breeding. Since antibiotics could not be completely absorbed by the body of humans and animals, their parent compounds or related metabolites would be discharged into the environment, causing their residue. However, the antibiotics which remain in aquatic or soil environment would bring ecological toxicity, what was worse, it may induce the production of resistance genes and arouse threat to human health. The paper describes the use of antibiotics and mainly analyzes the toxic effect of antibiotics, then the antibiotic resistance genes were discussed. Finally, it points out the problems existing in the present studies and prospects the future research.