贵州草海湿地区域土地利用景观生态安全评价

Evaluation on Ecological Security of Land Use Landscape in Guizhou Caohai Wetland

土地利用变化对区域生态环境会造成一定的影响,从景观生态学角度对区域生态安全进行评价具有重要的研究意义。为揭示典型喀斯特高原湿地区域景观生态安全状况对土地利用变化的响应,以1995、2005和2015年遥感影像数据为基础,构建基于景观尺度的生态安全评价模型,对研究区20年间景观格局及景观生态安全演化进行分析,结果表明:(1)20年间研究区的林地和草地景观破碎化程度增加较为明显;水域景观类型面积持续增加,景观的破碎化程度持续下降;耕地、建设用地景观类型面积总体都有所增加。(2)研究区内景观生态安全高等级生态安全区域主要分布在东北部和西南部山区,中低和低等级生态安全区主要集中在草海湖区周边,中高和中等级生态安全区主要分布在以耕地为主的中部地区。(3)研究区内低等级和中低等级生态安全区域面积逐渐增加;高等级生态安全区域面积逐渐缩减,且破碎化程度有所增加;中高等级生态安全区域有所增加。

Land use change has a certain impact on regional ecological environment. It’s a great significance to evaluate the regional ecological security from the perspective of landscape ecology. Based on the remote sensing images of 1995, 2005 and2015, the ecological security evaluation model was constructed to reveal the response of landscape ecology security status to typical land use change in typical karst plateau wetland. The landscape pattern and landscape ecological security evolution of the study area in past 20 years were analyzed. The results showed that： during the past 20 years, the degree of fragmentation of forest land and grassland in the study area was obvious; water landscape area increased constantly but landscape fragmentation level decreases sustaining; Areas of plough and construction land increase in these years. High level ecologic security areas were mainly concentrated around the survey area, the majority of forest land in the northeast and southwest, the medium and low level ecological security areas were mainly concentrated around the Caohai Lake area, but the medium-high and high level ecological security areas were mainly distributed in the central area with plough. Low and low-medium level ecological security areas were rising gradually in survey areas, which mainly concentrated on Caohai Lake construction areas; high level ecological security areas decrease gradually and fragmentation level increase; medium-high level ecological security areas increase.