山东半岛城市群高速交通优势度与土地利用效率的空间关系

Spatial relationship between high-speed transport superiority degree and land-use efficiency in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration

中国城市群正面临着土地利用效率偏低的问题,而高速交通建设是驱动土地利用变化的一个重要因素,因而探究高速交通建设与土地利用效率的空间关系将是一个重要议题。以山东半岛城市群42个陆域县级单元为例,采用高速公路相对密度、与高铁站点及机场的空间距离等指标,构建高速交通优势度评价模型,并以土地、资本、劳动力及经济、环境效益作为土地投入产出要素,采用DEA模型测算土地利用效率。通过分析高速交通优势度和土地利用效率的空间关系,结果发现:(1)两者之间的协调性存在空间差异性,以济南、青岛两大枢纽为中心,枢纽圈层(另含青州、威海次级枢纽)呈现显著的空间协调性,而随着与枢纽城市距离的增大,空间协调性呈现衰减态势,其中潍坊、海阳等远离枢纽城市的交通干线沿线地区土地利用效率滞后于高速交通优势度,而利津、垦利和五莲等远离枢纽城市和交通干线的欠发达地区呈现低水平的空间协调性;(2)缘于要素集聚与内生增长机制,高速交通类型多样性与土地利用效率具有显著的正向关系;(3)高速交通可通过枢纽效应促进优势要素与技术以空间外溢的形式在核心城市与一般城市之间传递,进而重构区域土地利用效率空间格局;(4)高速公路的均衡建设促使山东半岛城市群破除了高速交通建设的短板效应制约,土地利用效率空间格局整体呈现均衡态势,加之高铁站点、机场节点式布局明显,导致土地利用效率呈现宏观上高效集约、微观上团—轴凸显的空间格局。

Generally, the land-use efficiency is low in the urban agglomerations of China. The high-speed transport construction has been an important factor during the land use change. As a result, it is critical to explore the spatial relationship between high-speed transport superiority degree and land-use efficiency. Taking the 42 counties of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as an example, we build an evaluation model of high-speed transport superiority degree, which is constructed based on the relative density of the highway and the distance from the high-speed rail station and the airport. The land-use efficiency is then calculated by DEA model with capital, labor, economic benefits and environmental benefits as input and output factors. By exploring the spatial relationship between high-speed transport superiority degree and land-use efficiency, we obtain the following results：（1） There is a significant spatial difference in the relationship between the high-speed transport superiority degree and land-use efficiency. Taking the two major hub cities of Jinan and Qingdao as the center, the core circle counties（also including Qingzhou and Weihai sub-hubs） present a significant spatial coordination between their land-use efficiency and high-speed transport superiority degree.With the increase of distance from the hub cities, the spatial coordination is declining. Among them, the land-use efficiency is lower than the high-speed transport superiority degree in the areas along the traffic trunks, which are also away from the hub cities. Meanwhile, the coordination is at a low level in the areas away from hub cities and traffic trunks;（2） Due to mechanism of element agglomeration and endogenous growth, the diversity of high-speed transport has a positive relationship with land-use efficiency;（3） According to the hub effect,high-speed transport facilitates flows of elements and technologies between the core cities and peripheral cites in the form of space spillover. This reconstructs the spatial pattern of regional land-use efficiency;（4） With the help of the balanced layout of expressway, the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration can get rid of short board effect caused by less high-speed transport construction. Moreover, owing to the proper node layout of high-speed rail station and airport, land-use efficiency presents not only a well-balanced macro-spatial pattern but also a clustered and linear micro-spatial pattern.