从强力到德性——《法义》中克勒尼阿斯的立法观念及其转向

From Force to Virtue: Kleinias's Legislative Ideas and Their Conversion in Plato's Laws

柏拉图的《法义》(Laws)以"政制(politeia)与礼法(nomoi)"为其论辩主题,然政制及礼法的建立并非毫无根基,克勒尼阿斯与雅典异方人对神学与"自然"(physis)这一立法前提的差异性阐释致使二者对于立法目的的理解也大异其趣。克勒尼阿斯首先依据克里特宗教传统和"自然"状态下战争的普遍性而将城邦立法导向了以"强力"(force)为目的,而雅典异方人则意图在对克勒尼阿斯的回应中重塑新的神学与自然(哲学)观念,以此为立法赋予德性(virtue)的目的。

While Laws or On Legislation by Plato takes ＂politeia＂ （regime） and ＂nomoi＂ （laws） as its dialogic themes, the establishment of regime and laws is not without any base. Kleinias and the Athenian Stranger hold different interpretations to the premises of law-making, namely ＂physis＂ （nature） and theology, which result in their different understandings of the law-making purposes. In light of the Cretan religious tradition and the ubiqu- ity of war under the circumstance of ＂physis＂, Kleinias leads the legislation of the city-state to the purpose of force while the Athenian Stranger intends to reshape the concepts of theology and physis （philosophy） in response to Kleinias, accordingly endowing legislation with the purpose of virtue.