农业功能变迁理论和实证研究

Theoretical and Empirical Study of the Change of Agricultural Functions

农业是国民经济发展的基础产业。农业功能可分为两类,即原生功能和衍生功能。原生功能主要从其物质属性即产品用途进行分析,衍生功能主要从农业所承担的政治、社会等方面的功能进行分析。以农业功能变迁为目标层,以土地利用类型、农作物种植类别和农村劳动力就业结构为指标层,可以构建农业功能评价指标体系。生产要素在市场的作用下,遵循趋利化倾向,无论是土地非农化用途的扩张还是劳动力非农化特征的出现,均属于产业升级的基本规律。

Agriculture is the basic industry for the development of national economy. Its function can be roughly divided into two types, namely the primary and derivative functions. While the primary function is mainly analyzed from its material properties, namely product uses, the derivation one is highlighted from the political and social roles that agriculture plays. With the change of agricultural functions as the target level, along with the types of land uses, the kinds of crop plantation and the employment structure of rural labor force as the index, an index system of agricultural function evaluation can be built. Factors of production abide by the profit-seeking tendency in accordance with market effect, and hence the expansion of non-agricultural uses of land or the emergence of non-agricultural characteristics of labor force just reflects the basic rule of industrial upgrading.