新型生育文化对“全面二孩”政策的影响及启示

Influence and Enlightenment of the New Childbearing Culture on the Universal Two-Child Policy

随着社会经济的高速发展、城市化进程的不断加快,在计划生育政策贯彻实施的近三十年中,中国形成了一种独具特点的新型生育文化。新型生育文化的形式,包含了家庭结构的缩减,长期独生子女政策下的男女性别比失衡,家庭生育行为的选择自由和女性参与决策的决定自由,加之东亚低生育率和低生育欲望文化的影响。在国家全面开放二胎政策后,如何优化政策、完善家庭功能、推动家庭生育决策,可以从新型的生育文化中得到启示。

With the rapid development of social economy and the accelerating process of urbanization, a new childbearing culture with unique features has come into being in China over the past 30 years of the one-child policy. The form of this new childbearing culture includes the reduction of family structure, the imbalanced sex ratio under the long-term one-child policy, the freedom of choice for family fertility behavior and that of decision for women＇ s participation in policy making, as well as the influence of low fertility rate and desire in East Asia. With the universal two-child policy in China, the new childrearing culture can provide some inspirations for the optimization of policy, the perfection of family function and the promotion of family fertility decision.