唐宋文人士大夫与《周易参同契》

Scholar-Officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties and Zhouyi Cantong Qi

《周易参同契》(下称《参同契》)是一部在唐宋文人士大夫中广泛流传的道教经典。自唐玄宗开元年间,《参同契》始被社会各界重视,为之作注、讲解的道士与文人士大夫明显增多,文人士大夫阅读《参同契》遂成一时风气。中唐以前,文人士大夫多汲取其中的外丹服食理论和方法。此后,文人士大夫则注重对其中内丹学说的学习和实践。文人在借鉴其养生思想和炼养方法,心态受其濡染的同时,采撷其中语汇、意象植入诗歌,诗歌构思和体式等方面也带有明显的《参同契》印痕。

Zhouyi Cantong Qi or Cantong Qi or The Kinship of the Three, in Accordance with the Book of Changes in English, is a Taoist classics with wide popularity among the scholar-officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Since the first year of Emperor Xuan Zong in the Tang Dynasty, Cangtong Qi had gained wide recognition among the general public, attracting an increasing number of Taoist priests and scholar-officials to make annota- tions and interpretations while resulting in a momentary ethos of its reading among the scholar-officials. While the scholar-officials tended to absorb its external alchemic theory and method before the middle Tang Dynasty, they started to focus on the learning and practice of its inner alchemic study. When the literati borrowing its regime idea and practice method to cultivate their mind, the poems were imbued with its words and images, im- printing the poetic conception and style with the obvious characteristics of Cantong Qi.