清末张荫棠藏事改革中的“政教分离”思想及其实践

ZHANG Yin-tang' Ideas and Practice of “Separation of Religion from Politics” in his Reform of the Tibetan Affairs in the Late Qing Dynasty

"政教分离"是构建近现代国家秩序的必然要求。清末张荫棠在其全面藏事改革中提出达赖、班禅等优加封号,厚给岁俸,专理宗教事务,不令干预政治的政教分离原则,是清王朝灭亡前夕试图改变西藏政教合一,强化中央治藏权力体系的一次尝试。清廷对此虽有反复筹议,但终究不可能实现。尽管如此,清末张荫棠为"政教分离"所做的努力,一定程度上冲击了西藏长期存在的政教合一制,具有重要的历史意义。

＂Separation of religion from politics＂ is the inevitable requirement of constructing modern national or-der. In the late Qing Dynasty, while carrying out his comprehensive reform of the Tibetan affairs, ZHANG Yin-tang proposed that Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama should manage religious affairs only, but not make the inter-vention in political affairs, which is an attempt to change the unification of politics and religion in Tibet beforethe demise of the Qing Dynasty Although the central government of the Qing Dynasty repeatedly raised the dis-cussion of terminating the unification, but failed to achieve it. Nevertheless, the efforts made by ZHANG Yin-tang, to a certain extent, impacted the long existed unification of politics and religion in Tibet, which has impor-tant historical significance.