明清时期陕藏茶叶贸易研究

A Research of the Tea Trade of Shaanxi-Tibet during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

元代,西藏正式划归中央政府管辖后,茶马贸易经川陕驿路入京,由此形成了大规模的汉藏贸易。由于政治地理、经济地理、人口地理因素,明清时期陕藏往来更加频繁,陕藏商道成为联接西北、西南地区往来的驿路栈道。行走于该商道上的陕商分两批进入康定,历经茶叶贸易官营至民营的转变,开启了陕藏600年贸易史。尽管至清代,茶马贸易中马匹的重要性大大减弱,但是茶叶始终是主要交易商品。这种以物易物的交易,便利、改善了当地民众生活,扩大了汉藏经济文化交流。后来,由于印茶的倾销、边茶贸易的衰落、边茶引岸制度的消亡及康藏交通运输条件的改善,对陕藏茶叶贸易也产生了重大影响。多年后,康定、雅安与陕西户县、泾阳等地再次由于"一带一路"建设而可从汉藏道路交通完善、康区商帮文化传承、茶叶传统产业创新三方面加强省际经济跨域发展。

In the Yuan Dynasty, Tibet was officially under the jurisdiction of the central government. The tribute ofTibet paying to the central government and its tea and horses for trade often needed to be transfer from the Kang-ding area of Sichuan, and then taken along the Sichuan-Shaanxi post road to Beijing, at the same time, Han-Ti-betan trade was carried out on a large-scale. Due to political geography, economic geography, population geogra-phy, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Shaanxi and Tibet had more frequent exchanges, and Shaanxi-Tibet traderoad became the link between the northwestern areas and the southwester ones. The trade road started the 600-year history of the trade of Shaanxi-Tibet. Although in the Qing Dynasty, the horse trade was depressed, but teawas always the main trading commodity. The trade improved the lives of local people and expanded the economicand cultural exchanges between the Han and Tibetan communities.