跨国河流洪水风险管理及其对我国跨省河流管理的启示——以多瑙河流域、莱茵河流域为例

Flood risk management of transnational river basins and its enlightenment for trans-provincial river basins management in China——A case study of the Danube & the Rhine River Basins

河流洪水的生成、发展和危害特性要求流域洪水风险综合管理部门在洪水期间对河流上游、中游、下游及河口地区实施综合调度。然而因缺少流域层面的集中管理机构和政策法规组织,在流域行政区划分割、各管理部门权力分置的背景下,我国跨省流域洪水风险管理表现出职责关系模糊、整体效能较弱等问题。以多瑙河、莱茵河等跨国流域为例,研究分析其洪水风险管理的运行机制与推进举措,以期作为制定适宜我国跨省流域洪水风险管理和运作体系的编制参照与经验借鉴。

The characteristics of river flood risk, evolution and damage in river basins demand comprehensive flood management on upstream, midstream, downstream and delta areas during the flood seasons. However, owing to the lack of centralized administration and statutory organizations, flood risk management of trans-provincial river basins take on confusion of responsibilities and weakness of overall effectiveness in China. Taking transnational river basins flood management at the Danube and the Rhine as an example, this paper analyzes their operational mechanism and promoting initiatives on flood risk management, to present the preparative references for constructing flood risk management operation system which is customized for trans-provincial river basins in China.