职业农民更有效率吗——来自滇琼两省天然橡胶种植户的证据

Do Professional Farmers Have Higher Production Efficiency?——Evidencefrom Natural Rubber Growers in Yunnan and Hainan Provinces

农民职业化是我国农业现代化主要趋势之一,也是我国农业政策的重要导向。但既有事实和理论表明,职业农民比普通农民更具有效率优势的判断是值得质疑的。本文以云南、海南两省天然橡胶种植区域农垦职工和普通农民为例,利用257份抽样调查数据,从技术效率与配置效率两个维度对农垦胶工和普通胶农的天然橡胶生产效率进行了实证分析和对比。结果表明,在技术效率方面,农垦胶工比普通胶农更具效率优势;在配置效率方面,普通胶农则具有更高的劳动和土地要素的配置效率,资本配置效率上二者在同方差假定下并无明显差异,而在异方差假定下普通农户亦相对更高。

Farmer＇s professionalization is one of the main trends of agricultural modernization in China and an important guide to China＇s agricultural policy. But both the facts and the theory showed that it is in question that professional farmers have higher efficiency than ordinary farmers.In this paper,257 sample survey data from Yunnan and Hainan provinces were used to study and compare the natural rubber production efficiency of agriculture reclamation workers and ordinary rubber farmers.Both technical efficiency and allocation efficiency are investigated.Empirical results showed that,in terms of technical efficiency,agriculture reclamation workers are more efficient than ordinary farmers,but the comparison turns to another way in terms of allocation efficiency.The land allocation efficiency is also higher for ordinary rubber farmers than agricultural reclamation workers if heteroskedasticity is considered.This study has important policy implications for further development professional farmers in China.