南昌市2009—2012年不同生境蠓类调查分析

Investigation on the biting midges in different habitats in Nanchang, China, 2009-2012

目的了解南昌地区不同生境蠓科昆虫的分布及其季节消长等生态习性,为预防和控制蠓及蠓传疾病提供理论根据。方法 2009-2012年在南昌市城区5种生境内采用灯诱法对蠓科昆虫进行监测,每月监测2次,上、下旬各1次。利用SPSS 19.0和Excel 2007软件对不同生境的蠓密度及其季节消长进行分析。结果共采集蠓63 874只,隶属于8属88种,其中毛蠓属8种、裸蠓属9种、铗蠓属28种、蠛蠓属7种、库蠓属33种、阿蠓属、柱蠓属和贝蠓属各1种。其中发现并描述4个新种。以牲畜棚蠓密度最高,达4.12只/(灯·h)。居民区和医院均以毛蠓属蠓类数量最多,分别占各生境捕获总数的36.07%和43.50%;公园以铗蠓属和毛蠓属蠓类数量最多,分别占34.04%和31.92%;农户和牲畜棚均以库蠓属为主,分别占各生境的49.14%和86.35%。库蠓属和蠛蠓属是南昌地区的优势属种,其数量占捕获总数的41.79%。蠓科昆虫全年在7、9月有2个较固定的活动高峰。结论蠓科昆虫特别是吸血蠓在人、畜活动和生活等生境广泛分布,有潜在的蠓传人畜传染病的风险。

Objective In order to determine the diversity, distribution and seasonal dynamics of biting midges in different habitats of Nanchang city, China. Methods Biting midges were collected using a UV light traps with a suction fan, monthly collections were made during 2009-2012. Trapping was carried out twice a month（one was in the first ten-days of a month and the another was in the last ten-days of the month, and there were at least 15 days apart） from sunset to sunrise the following day throughout the study periods. Results A total of 63 874 biting midges were collected in 2009-2012. Eight genera（Dasyhelea Atrichopogon, Forcipomyia, Lasiohelea, Culicoides, Alluaudomyia, Stilobezzia, and Bezzia） including 88 species were identified. Dasyhelea was the main genus in residential area ＇ s habitats（36.07%） and hospital habitats（43.50%）; Forcipomyia and Dasyhelea were the predominant genera in park habitats, comprised 34.04% and 31.92%,respectively. Culicoides was the predominant genera in residential area＇s habitats and animal shelters, comprised of 49.14% and 86.35%, respectively. Culicoides and Lasiohelea were the main blood sucking biting midges in Nanchang city, and they comprised 41.79% of the total number of collections. There were two stationay active seasons, peaking in July and September,in a year. Biting midges were recorded from March to November in 2009 to 2012. Conclusion Biting midges are abundant and widespread in human and livestock living environments, and the transmission risk of Culicoides-borne viruses exists.