建国后漳卫新河的水利规划及水事纠纷

Water Conservancy Planning and Disputes of the Zhangwei New River after the Founding of the People's Republic of China

建国后,河北省、山东省边界开挖了大量沟渠,其中不乏打破河流自然流势的不合理工程。以漳卫新河段跃丰渠为例,1958年为引徒骇河水进行灌溉而修建的跃丰渠,由于打破了自然流势,其不仅未发挥灌溉作用反而切断了洪水的下泄路径,导致1961年全流域普降暴雨时,河北宁津县与山东乐陵县群众因泄洪问题发生械斗。事件发生后,上级部门的介入与调解并未产生实质效用,水事纠纷仍然不断。从跃丰渠械斗事件可以看出,只有把握好乡村社会的特性,合理规划水利工程与调整行政区划,增强管理的有效性,因地制宜地做出制度安排,才能从根本上解决泄洪纠纷。

After the founding of the Peoplels Republic of China, a large number of ditches were excavated along the borders of Hebei Province and Shandong Province. Among them were many unreasonable projects that broke natural trends. Taking the Yuefeng Canal in Zhangwei New River as an example, it was constructed in 1958 for irrigating by drawing water from the Tuhai River. It not only play lbe role of irrigation but cut off the flood-discharging paths, which lead to people in Ningjin County of Hebei and Leling Coun- ty of Shandong fought with each other for flood discharge when the rainstorm occurred in the whole river basin in 1961. After the inci- dent, the involvement and mediation of the superior department did not produce substantial utility, and water disputes continued. The events of Yuefeng canal culvert reveals that only by grasping the characteristics of rural society, rationally planning water conservancy projects and adjusting administrative divisions, enhancing the effectiveness of management, and making institutional arrangements according to local conditions can fundamentally solve flood-discharging disputes.