以学干政:民初中国地学会的政治参与

Academic Intervention in Politics:Chinese Geographic Society's Political Participation in Early Years of the Republic of China

中国地学会承继戊戌以来士子借助学会干预政治的一面,力倡研究地理裨益学术政治。武昌军兴,中国地学会的主导者积极参与革命,致使会务暂停。民元中国地学会运动人脉邀请蔡元培出任总理,并得到其主掌的南京教育部之经费补助,在上海恢复活动。南北统一后张相文重返北洋任职,中国地学会亦回归津门。其后,为顺应共和带来的参政议政热潮,中国地学会迁居全国政治中心北京,本专门学理研究现实以建言当道,又借助学会组织参与政治以遂治世之志。学术与政治的结合,使其在掌握地学界的资源与话语权之外,在政治及社会领域也产生了一定影响。然而二次革命后政局剧变,与时政联系过度紧密的中国地学会被迫蛰伏,回归较为纯粹的学理研究。

Chinese Geographic Society inherited the tradition that using society to participate politics since Wu Xu to study geography for the purpose of academic and politics. After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising,the dominant of Chinese Geographic Society actively participated in the revolution and suspended the meeting. In early years of the Republic of China,Chinese Geographic Society invited Cai Yuanpei as the prime minister of the society,and got financial assistance from Nan Jing Ministry of Education to recover activities in Shanghai. After the unification of North and South,Zhang Xiangwen returned to serve in Beiyang Government,and Chinese Geographic Society also came back to Tianjin. Later in order to comply with the tide of political participation following with the republic revolution,they moved the society to the national political center Beijing,used professional academic to study current affairs to suggest the government,and participate in politics to realize the ambition of statecraft with the society organization.While grasping the resources and discourse power in the geography circles,the society had a certain influence on the political and social fields with the combination of academic and politics. But since the political situation changed dramatically after the Second Revolution,Chinese Geographic Society was forced dormancy because of its excessive close association to politics and returned to a purely doctrinal study.