职权主义诉讼模式中的认罪认罚从宽——以中德刑事司法理论与实践为线索

The Leniency on Acknowledgment of Guilt and Acceptance of Punishment in Inquisitorial System: Taking Criminal Justice Theory and Practice in China's Mainland and Germany as Clues

近年来,职权主义与当事人主义在具体制度的选择上体现出一定程度的趋同走向,其中认罪协商制度即是典型,尽管这一制度与职权主义之间的矛盾和冲突始终是理论与实务的争论焦点。我国当前试点的认罪认罚从宽制度和德国刑事协商制度在参与主体、适用阶段、适用条件、协商范围、制度属性等方面既存在相同之处,也存在不同之处。对我国而言,职权主义传统下的德国刑事协商制度具有理论和制度层面的借鉴意义,可以在对其经验进行理论反思的基础上,抽象出其中的合理因素,进而完善认罪认罚从宽制度,具体包括厘清"实体从宽"、"程序从简"的正当性基础,明确认罪认罚从宽制度中参与主体之角色,探索进一步简化诉讼程序的可能。

In recent years,the choice of specific forms in terms of inquisitorial and adversary systems has reflected the trend of convergence. The negotiated agreement is typical,although the contradiction between this procedure and inquisitorial system is always the focus of debate. The leniency on acknowledgment of guilt and acceptance of punishment in China's Mainland and the German criminal negotiation procedure have similarities and differences in terms of participants,stages of application,conditions of application,scope of negotiations,and attributes. For our country,German criminal negotiation,which stays in the tradition of inquisitorial system,has theoretical and institutional significance.Based on the theoretical reflection of German experience,we could abstract the reasonable factors and then improve our system. Specifically,it includes clarifying the legitimate basis of ＂the leniency of substantiality＂and ＂the simplification of procedure＂,defining the role of participants,and exploring the possibility of further simplification of procedure.