东北地区主要土壤类型及其肥力指标与气象因子的相关性

Main Soil Types in Northeast China and Fertility Index Correlation with Meteorological Factors

应用SPSS及Excel软件,统计分析东北地区主要土壤类型的分布、利用及其养分指标与气象因子的相关性。结果表明,东北地区的主要土壤类型涵盖暗棕壤、草甸土、黑土、棕壤、白浆土、黑钙土、沼泽土、栗钙土、栗褐土等9个土壤类型。耕地利用率达到60%以上的土壤类型主要有黑土、褐土和黑钙土;草甸土、栗褐土、风沙土、棕壤、栗钙土和白浆土的耕地利用率在30%以上。土壤养分指标与气象因子表现出不同程度的相关性,土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷等土壤养分与热量因子表现出极显著的负相关,与降水量呈显著或极显著的正相关。从宏观上分析,黑龙江省土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷等养分指标高于吉林省和辽宁省,年平均温度、≥10℃有效积温和无霜期等热量指标辽宁省高于吉林省和黑龙江省。结合成土过程与气象因子的关系,可以说明在平均气温较高的条件下,土壤有机质分解加快,不利于养分指标的积累,土壤肥力下降。

By SPSS and Excel software, the correlations between the main distribution types of soil, nutrientand meteorological factors of the Northeast China were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the main soiltypes in the northeast area covered the dark brown soil, meadow soil, black soil, brown soil, albic soil, chernozemsoil, swamp soil, chestnut soil, cinnamon soil and other 9 major soil types. Cultivated land utilization rate reachedmore than 60% soil types were mainly black soil, cinnamon soil and chernozem; at a rate above 30% by meadowsoil, cinnamon soil, sandy soil, brown soil, chestnut soil and Albic Soil in cultivated land. The soil nutrient indexand meteorological factors showed a different degree of correlation, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, availablephosphorus and other soil nutrients and heat factors showed significant negative correlation, had significant positivecorrelation with precipitation. From the macroscopic analysis, Heilongjiang province, soil organic matter, total nitro-gen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and other nutrient index is higher than that of Jilin province and Liaon-ing province, but the annual average temperature, effective accumulated temperature more than 10 DEG C and frostfree season heat index was higher than that of Jilin province and Liaoning province, Heilongjiang province, the in-crease in the gas temperature in the background accelerated the decomposition of soil organic matter, and was notconducive to nutrient accumulation, soil fertility decline.