劳动者休息权侵权行为之认定——基于168份判决文书的研究

Determination of Infringement of Laborers' Right to Rest——Based on the 168 Judgment Documents

现阶段我国劳动者休息权保障难题并非由单一原因造成,而是劳动制度设计、劳动力供需关系、权利救济机制等多方面原因共同作用的结果。从整体上讨论休息权的保障需要法学、经济学,甚至心理学、行为学等多学科交叉协作。从局部切入,就司法实践中的休息权侵权行为之认定展开更深层次的讨论,夯实休息权救济机制的理论与实践。搜集并整理了168份以休息权为诉讼争点的生效判决文书,依据侵犯合法利益的不同,从中分解出两种基础侵权行为:强制加班、拒绝支付加班工资。这两者在法律实践中常常被混为一谈,使得休息权侵权行为作为一个综合机制的整体性被遮蔽,区分两者对于侵权行为的认定有着重要的方法论意义。两种基础侵权行为相互组合,构成了一个系统化、程式化的综合侵权模型,为现实生活中纷繁复杂的休息权侵权行为之认定构建了一套能解释、可操作的行为模式。

At present, the problem of protecting the right to rest in our country is not caused by a single reason, but the result of the joint effect of many factors, such as the design of labor system, the relationship between the supply and demand of the labor force, the mechanism of right relief and so on. To discuss the protection of the right to rest as a whole requires interdiscipli- nary collaboration of law, economics and even psychology and behavioral science. From a partial point of view, this paper makes a deep discussion on the determination of the right to rest in judicial practice to consolidate the theory and practice of the relief mechanism of the right to rest. To begin with, this paper collects and arranges 168 valid judgment documents which take the right of rest as the point of contention. According to the difference of legal interests, two kinds of basic torts are decomposed： forced working overtime and refusal to pay overtime, which are often confused in the legal practice, making the right of rest infringement as a comprehensive mechanism of the whole obscured. However, to distinguish between them is of important methodological significance for the identification of torts. The combination of the two basic torts constitutes a systematic and stylized comprehensive tort model, and constructs a set of interpret - able and workable behavior patterns for the identification of complicated infringement of the right to rest in real life.