金线莲的化学成分及生物活性研究进展

Research Advance on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Anoectochilus Roxburghii

金线莲(Anoectochilus roxburghii(will.)Lind.),为兰科开唇兰属多年生草本植物,别名金丝线、金耳环、乌人参、金线虎头蕉、金线入骨消、金钱草等,分布于福建、浙江和广西等地区,其株型小巧,叶片金黄色,叶脉呈网状方式排列,极具观赏价值。金线莲还作为"药食同源"植物在民间被长期广泛使用,其味平、甘,临床上可用于糖尿病、咯血、急性肝炎、支气管炎和肿瘤等症,且无毒副作用,使用安全,越来越受到研发人员的关注。化学解析表明,金线莲化学成分结构类型丰富,包括黄酮、挥发油、多糖、生物碱、甾体等;现代药理研究提示,金线莲具有降血糖、心血管保护、抗感染和抗肿瘤等功效;本文系统综述金线莲物质基础和生物活性,为药食两用金线莲新型天然保健产品的开发提供参考依据。

Jin Xian Lian（Anoectochilus roxburghii（will.） lind-waldock.）, which belongs to the genera Anoectochilus（Orchidaceae）, is a perennial herbaceous plant. Itis also known as Jin Si Xian, Jin Er Huan, Wu Ren Shen, Jin Xian Hu Tou Jiao, Jin Xian Ru Gu Xiao and Jin Qian Cao. Jin Xian Lian is widely distributed in Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangxi and other regions. Particularly, highly ornamental value was endowed with Jin Xian Lian because of the small plant type, the golden yellow leaves and the reticular arrangement of veins. Jin Xian Lian has been widely used as a ＂medicine and food homology＂ plant in folk for a long time, and it could be used for treating diabetes, haemoptysis, acute hepatitis, bronchitis and cancer due to the characteristics of mild and sweet flavor. Jin Xian Lian is safe and has no toxic effects, which attract more and more researchers＇ attention. The results of chemical analysis showed that the chemical constituents of Jin Xian Lian are really abundant, including flavones, volatile oils, polysaccharides, alkaloids and steroids. In addition, modern pharmacological studies suggest that Jin Xian Lian has the fuctions of hypoglycemic, cardiovascular protection, anti-infection and antitumor. This article systematically reviews the material foundation and biological activities of Jin Xian Lian, providing a reference for the development of natural health products.