助推及其对技术设计的启示

Nudge and Its Enlightenment for Technological Design

塞勒和桑斯坦提出了助推的理念,旨在通过优化人的选择架构,让人们的行为朝着预期的方向改变,以此帮助人自由地做出最佳选择。根据技术中介理论,技术调节人的认知和行动。从这个角度来看,助推的本质是对技术调节作用的有意设计。助推的理念为技术设计提供了新的视角和框架。一方面,应当积极地将助推的理念运用于技术设计,以此发展帮助人做出正确决策和提升社会福祉的助推技术;另一方面,反思助推技术可能引起的伦理问题,从而对助推技术的设计进行规约。

Thaler and Sunstein proposed the concept of nudge,which alters people＇s behavior in a predictable way by optimizing their choice architecture without forbidding any options. According to the technological mediation theory,technology mediates human＇s perception and action. From this point of view,the nature of nudge is an intentional design of technological mediation. The concept of nudge provides a new perspective and framework for technological design. On the one hand,technological design should incorporate the concept of nudge in order to develop nudging technologies that help people make correct decisions and enhance social welfare. On the other hand,we must reflect on the ethical issues that nudging technology may cause and make rules on the design of nudging technology.