历史视角下的湿地演变与恢复保护——以永年洼为例

Wetland evolution and restoration from historical perspective:A case study of Yongnian Lake

湿地的恢复与保护是近年来环保领域的热点。用历史视角研究湿地及其周边的演化历程,能极大地丰富对湿地的认识,使湿地的恢复和保护更有针对性。本文以华北地区典型的受高强度人类活动长期影响的自然湿地永年洼为例,尝试从历史视角审视其演变,证明这一方法的有效性,并指出:(1)广府古城的历史长于永年洼的历史,永年洼始终受高强度人类活动影响;(2)永年洼在1949年以后的剧烈萎缩主要是因为水利工程控制来水量和围垦造田,永年洼仍具备成为湿地的条件;(3)永年洼以防洪功能为主、生态功能为次,永年洼的恢复保护应借建设湿地公园的契机,保障湿地来水的水量和水质。

Wetlands protection and restoration is a hot study in recent years. Studying the evolution of awetland and its surroundings with a historical perspective is a great help to understand the wetland andmake it more effective to protect the wetland. Yongnian Lake in Hebei Province is a typical wetland,which has been involved in heavily human activities for more than five hundred years but still keep naturalfeatures. It is used as a case in this study to examine its evolution in historical perspective and prove theeffectiveness of this method. We find that： Ⅰ. Guangfu City has a longer history than Yongnian Lake, andYongnian Lake has always been strongly affected by high-intensity human activities; Ⅱ. Water surface ofYongnian Lake decreased greatly after 1949, and it is mainly because of the hydraulic engineering and rec-lamations; Yongnian Lake still has the potential to become a better wetland; Ⅲ. Flood control is the mainfunction of Yongnian Lake, while ecological functions is less important; the restoration of Yongnian Lakeshould be based on the opportunity to build the wetland park, and ensure its water supply both on quanti-ty and quality.