锂电池失效分析与研究进展

Progress on the failure analysis of lithium battery

锂电池在使用或储存过程中会出现一定概率的失效,包括容量衰减(跳水)、循环寿命短、内阻增大、电压异常、析锂、产气、漏液、短路、变形、热失控等,严重降低了锂电池的使用性能、一致性、可靠性、安全性.对锂电池失效进行准确诊断并探究其失效机理是锂电池失效分析的主要任务,对锂电池性能提升和技术发展具有深远意义.为了全面且深入地介绍锂电池失效分析,本文从锂电池失效分析的定义、失效表现、失效原因、分析内容、分析流程、困难点等方面进行了简述,希望能为推动中国锂电池失效分析技术的发展起到积极作用.

The failure problems, associated with capacity fade, poor cycle life, increased internal resistance, abnormal voltage, lithium plating, gas generation, electrolyte leakage, short circuit, battery deformation, thermal runaway, etc., are the fatal issues that restrict the performances and reliabilities of the lithium batteries. The main tasks of failure analysis of lithium batteries are to accurately diagnose, which is vital for revealing the failure modes or failure mechanisms. These information has profound significance for improving the performances and technology of lithium batteries. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the recent progress on failure analysis research of lithium batteries, the failure analyses from the respect of definition, phenomenon, reason, analysis content, process, difficulty, etc. are briefly reviewed. We hope this review will helpful to the researchers engaged in the field of failure analysis as well as battery field.