菜豆品种黄金勾伽玛射线突变体库的建立及突变表型观察

Construction and phenotypic observation of a gamma radiation mutant library of common bean cultivar Golden Hook

菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)是我国及世界人民重要的食用豆类之一,具有品种繁多,表型特征差别大,基因组小,繁殖周期短及与大豆的亲缘关系较近等特点,是研究豆科植物基因功能的重要遗传资源。为创造丰富的变异资源,对菜豆品种黄金勾种子进行^(60)Coγ射线诱变处理,处理剂量为200 Gy,在M_3代观察并统计变异的类型。以百粒重及种子大小(长与宽)为代表,对数量性状进行了统计分析,选取的大粒(菜434)和小粒(菜601)株行与野生型对照相比,所检测的3个性状上的变异系数均显著大于野生型对照。在总计3 500株M_3单株株行中,607株株行在生育期(开花期与成熟期)、叶部性状、株型、育性及种皮颜色等性状上与野生对照相比变异较为明显,其中5.5%的变异株行的变异属于典型的孟德尔显性遗传规律,符合3∶1分离比例,初步确定该类变异由单基因所控制。选取部分重要变异性状株行,进一步在M_4代进行表型观察,验证M_3代性状观察的结果。所获得的具有稳定遗传的材料不仅可直接应用于品种选育,还为克隆引致性状变异的功能基因及调控机制提供了重要的遗传资源。

Common bean（ Phaseolus vulgaris L.） is one of the important crops in China and the world. Its various appearances,relative small genome size,short life cycle,and a close phylogentic relationship with soybean,make it an important genetic resource for studying gene function in legume. Aiming to create rich genetic variations,we exposed seeds of Golden Hook to60Co γ radiation at a dosage of 200 Gy,then observed their phenotypes at M3 generation,and estimated the phenotypic variations of quantitative traits taking 100-seed weight and seed size as representatives. The result showed that,compared with the wild type Golden Hook,mutant lines of Golden Hook displayed a large phenotypic variations in 100-seed weight,seed length,and seed width,with significant differences between selected wild type and line 434（ large seed） or line 601（ small seed）. Also,among 3 500 plants in M3 lines,compared with the wild type Golden Hook,607 lines varied significantly in flowering and maturing stages,leaf type,plant type,fertility and seed color; 5. 5% mutations were in agreement with median 3∶ 1 segregation ratio,indicating those mutations were generally controlled by single gene. Moreover,some phenotypic mutations were confirmed in M4 generation. Therefore,the obtained genetic mutants could be directly used in common bean breeding,and provided good materials for cloning the casual genes and thereafter studyinggene function as well.