传统村落农户乡村旅游适应性评价与影响因素研究——基于湘西州6个村落的调查

The Influencing Factors and Evaluation of Farmer’s Adaptability Towards Rural Tourism in Traditional Village: Based on the Survey of 6 Villages in Xiangxi Prefecture, Hunan

基于传统村落农户乡村旅游适应性分析框架构建适应性评价指标体系,以湘西州6个传统村落327户农户为研究对象,通过参与式农村评估法获取数据,运用主成分分析等方法分析传统村落农户乡村旅游适应类型、程度和影响因素。结果表明：1农户适应类型可划分为全面适应型、认知缺失型、生态主导型、政策缺失型、文化主导型和发展滞后型6种,各类型特点不一;2农户总体适应程度从高到低依次为全面适应型、文化主导型、认知缺失型、政策缺失型、生态主导型和发展滞后型,全面适应型为比较适应,其他均为一般适应;3每种适应类型在6类因子适应程度上表现有内部差异,除全面适应型外,其他适应类型在社会、文化、经济三类因子的适应程度上普遍较低;4政策、社会、生态、经济和心理5类因子中有13个影响因素对农户乡村旅游适应性有影响,影响程度不一。最后,从农户、社区和政府3个层面提出传统村落农户乡村旅游适应性提升建议。

Based on the analytical framework of the adaptability of farmers toward rural tourism in traditional villages, this study constructs an adaptive evaluation index system, and takes 327 households of 6 traditional villages in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, as samples. Participatory rural appraisal（PRA）method is used to obtain data, and principal component analysis and cluster analysis are applied to analyzing the adaptability types, degree and influencing factors of farmer＇s adaptability towards rural tourism in traditional villages. The results showed that： 1） The types of farmers＇ adaptability can be divided into 6 types： comprehensive adaptation, the cognition deficit, the ecological dominance, the policy deficit, the cultural dominant, and the lagging development, of which different types of characteristics are different. 2） The overall adaptability degree of comprehensive adaptation is relatively adaptive, and those of the other 5 farmers＇ adaptation are generally adaptive, but on the whole, the traditional village farmers in Xiangxi are adapting to the development of rural tourism. 3） Each adaptation type shows internal differences in the adaptability of the 6 factors that are policy, economy, culture, ecology, society and psychology, and other adaptation types in social,cultural and economic adaptability of the three factors are generally low except the farmers of comprehensive adaptation type. 4） The 13 impact factors of policy, social, ecological, economic and psychology factors, have obvious influences on the adaptability of farmers toward rural tourism, and the degree of influence are different. Finally, from the three aspects of farmers, communities and government, this article puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the rural tourism adaptability of traditional village farmers.