华北稻作的兴衰与悖论——以山西为例(1949—2010)

Vicissitude and Paradox of Rice Planting in North China——Taking Shanxi as an example(1949-2010)

华北地区有着悠久的稻作传统,但受自然环境的限制,其种植面积和产量一直很有限。1949年后,随着集体化体制的建立,在改造自然、增产粮食的战略下,华北地区进行了较大规模的水稻推广工作,种植面积和产量都有显著增加,创历史新高。改革开放以后,随着家庭联产承包责任制的实行,特别是工业化与城市化的影响,华北地区水稻种植面积和产量急剧下降,达到有记录以来的历史最低。其中,山西是华北地区的典型代表。上述现象是个需要高度重视的重大理论与实践问题。而梳理山西经验发现,这些现象的发生,是生态、技术、市场、社会、政治等多个层面问题互相作用的一个结果。

North China has a long history of planting rice, but due to restriction of the natural surroundings,both the planting area and yield are limited. With the establishment of collectivization system and the strategy of transforming nature & increasing grain yield after 1949, North China promoted rice planting in a large scale, which resulted in a significant increase in the planting area and yield and hit an record high level. However, the rice planting area and yield in this area has declined even to a record low level,since the family-contract responsibility system was applied and more sharply under the industrialization and urbanization developed after the reform and opening-up policy. Shanxi is a typical example of North China, which more attention should be attached to the above issue because of its great theoretical and practical importance. The example of Shanxi shows that the result above is caused by interaction of many factors, including ecology, technology, market, society, politics and so on.