儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的诊断:研究现状与展望

The diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in children: research status and future

由于儿童正处于生长发育时期,其在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)发病机制、临床表现等方面与成人相比差异较大,这也增加了临床诊断的复杂性。目前儿童OSAHS的诊断主要依靠临床表现和影像学检查。虽然夜间多导睡眠图(PSG)可作为成人OSAHS明确诊断的金标准,但对于儿童睡眠过程中这些不同呼吸事件的定义、术语、标准的划分还存在不少争议。笔者通过相关文献复习,总结了儿童OSAHS诊断的研究现状,并对未来发展趋势做出展望。

The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS）of children are not similar to those of adults because they are in a growing period. This difference increases the complexity of clinical diagnosis. At present,the diagnosis of OSAHS in children mainly depends on clinical manifestation and imaging examination. Although polysomnography（PSG）can be used as a definitive tool for OSAHS diagnosis in adults,there are still controversies around the definition,terminology,and standard of these different breathing events during children＇s sleep. Through the review of relevant literature,the author summarizes the research situation of OSAHS diagnosis in children and makes an outlook to the future developmental trend.