西方大学两大治理模式及其法治理念和思想传统

The Two Governance Models of Western Universities and Their Legal Concepts and Ideological Traditions

尽管有着相同的起源,欧洲大陆大学和英美大学的治理模式存在明显差异。大学治理是专家治校还是外行领导内行,是把政府"圈进来"还是"挡出去",能否运用市场机制?欧洲大陆法系更强调理性主义、国家主义、平等主义的法治理念与思想传统,英美法系更强调经验主义、个人主义、自由主义的法治理念与思想传统,这与两种治理模式的不同有着密切关系。大学治理终究要依托社会的法律架构和治理环境,没有能够指导一切的绝对理性,也没有绝对正确的所谓模式。只有尊重本土性,同时又能保持开放性和实用性,才能建设具有一国特色的富有生命力的治理模式。

The governance of European continental universities is obviously different from that of Anglo-American universities though they have same origins. That whether the governance model is inner expert management or outsider leadership, the government is ＂coming in＂ or ＂going out＂, the market mechanism plays role or not, is closely linked with the different legal concepts and traditions. Rationalism, nationalism and egalitarian are more emphasized in the continental legal system while empiricism, individualism and liberalism are put on more values in the Anglo-American legal system. The university governance is based on the legal framework and environment of a country. There is no absolute rationality that is able to guide everything, and there is no absolutely right model. Only by respecting the local nature and maintaining the openness and practicality, can we build a dynamic mode of governance with one country＇s own characteristics.