益生菌对哺乳仔猪生产性能及胃肠道生理状态的影响

Effect of probiotics on production performance and gastrointestinal physiological state of suckling piglets

针对哺乳仔猪发病率和死亡率高的问题，本研究通过定期给乳仔猪口服益生茵，观察其对哺乳仔猪生长性能和健康的影响。选择品种相同、出生日期及体质量相近的仔猪15窝，每窝选择8头仔猪，共计120头哺乳仔猪，分为4个处理组，每组30头仔猪，每窝中每组2头仔猪（公母各半）。试验分组如下：对照组，灌服生理盐水；试验Ⅰ组，灌服干酪乳杆菌培养液（1×10^9CFu／mL）；试验Ⅱ组，灌服粪肠球菌培养液（1×10^9CFU／mL）；试验Ⅲ组，灌服干酪乳杆菌和粪肠球菌混合培养液（比例为3：1）。仔猪出生时灌服ImL，在7，14，21日龄时分别灌服2，3，4mL。仔猪于21日龄断奶，并持续观察至28日龄。结果表明，灌服益生菌试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组2i，28日龄仔猪的平均日增重分别比对照组提高了16．57％，15．73％，17．55％及17．61％，19．49％，27．40％（P〈0．05）；21日龄仔猪的死亡率和腹泻率分别比对照组下降了58．46％，43．13％，64．82％及53．59％，53．10％，55．30％（P〈0．05）；断奶后7d仔猪的腹泻率分别比对照组下降了62．60％，51．93％，70．26％（P〈0．05）。3个益生菌组之间的生产指标均差异不显著（P〉0．05）。另外，复合益生菌组仔猪的胃肠道中蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性及乳酸菌数量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05），而pH值和大肠杆菌数量则显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。血清学分析表明，3个益生茵组21日龄仔猪血清IgA和IgG的含量显著高于对照组（P〈0.05），复合益生茵组血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）的含量显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。说明益生菌可提高哺乳仔猪生长性能和健康指数，对于哺乳仔猪的生产具有良好的促进作用。

Facing the problems of high disease rate and mortality of suckling piglets, the study focused on improving piglet growth performance and health status by oral administration of probiotics. The newborn piglets with the same breed,relative body quality and age were selected from 15 litters,8 piglets were selected from each litter. The total 120 piglets, which were assigned to 4 groups of 30 in each. One male and one female piglet were selected for each group from each litter. The piglets were administered orally with normal saline in control group ;Lactobacillus casei （1 × 10^9 CFU/mL）in experimental group 1;Enterococcusfaecalis （1 × 10^9 CFU/mL） in experimental group 2 ;the combined probiotics of Lactobacillus casei and Enterococcusfaecalis at a ratio of 3 ： 1 in experimental group 3. The piglets were administered orally with 1,2,3 and 4 mL of probiotics and 17.61% ,19.49%,27.40%（P〈0.05）;the diarrhea rate and mortality at 21 d were decreased by 58.46%,43.13%,64.82% and 53.59%,53.10%,55.30% （P〈0.05）,the diarrhea rates after waning for 7 d were decreased by 62.60%,51.93%,70.26%（P〈0.05） ,compared with the control group, respectively. There were no significant differences for piglet production performance among 3 probiotic groups. The lactic acid bacteria counts, protease and amylase activity in gastrointestinal tract of piglets in group 3 were significantly increased,while pH value and E. coli counts were significantly decreased,compared with control group（P〈0.05）. Serum IgA and IgG concentrations of piglets in group 1-3 were higher than those of control group（P〈0.05） ,and serum ALT and AST levels in group 3 were lower than those of control group（P〈0.05）. In conclusion,probiotics can improve growth performance and health indexes of suckling piglets, which will benefit pig industry.