冷冻电子显微镜:打开生物分子结构大门的钥匙——2017年诺贝尔化学奖解读

Understanding of 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry:Cryo-Electron Microscopy

理查德·亨德森（Richard Henderson）利用电子显微镜技术首次获得了原子级分辨率的蛋白质3D结构图,开启了揭秘生物分子结构测定的新时代;约阿希姆·弗兰克（Joachim Frank）研发了一种新的由2D结构图合成3D结构图的分析方法,打破了生物样本排列规则、朝向固定、结构均一的限制;雅克·杜波谢（Jacques Dubochet）成功研发了可以迅速将液态水冷却成玻璃态水的技术,较好地解决了冰晶体分散电子束和破坏生物分子结构的问题。3位科学家因＂为测定溶液中生物分子的高分辨率结构而研发了冷冻电子显微镜（cryo-electron microscopy,简称为Cryo-EM）技术＂,荣获了2017年诺贝尔化学奖。

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 was awarded to Richard Henderson,Joachim Frank and Jacques Dubochet for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution.Richard Henderson,obtained the first 3D protein structure of atomic resolution by utilizing electron microscopy technique,initiating a new era of biomolecular structure determination.Joachim Frank,developed a new analysis method of 3D structure drawing by 2D structure drawing,which broke the rules that the biomolecular sample has regular arrangement,fixed orientation and uniform structure.Jacques Dubochet,developed the technique to cool rapidly liquid water into glassy water,solving the problem of ice that disperses electron beam and destroys biomolecular structure.