马克思主义“三者统一”发展的第三个理论驿站——第一国际时期无产阶级革命政党的锻造及其研究的意义

The Third Theoretical Post of Development of Marxist “Unity of the Three”——On the Forging of Proletarian Revolutionary Political Party in First International Period and Its Study Significance

我国学界对马克思主义的研究,多注重研究的是马克思主义三个组成部分及其体系的阐述,很少去研究无产阶级革命政党是怎样产生的。特别是关于无产阶级革命政党主体理论的研究,长期以来,因为缺少这一主体,马克思主义理论往往按照被误解的三个组成部分进行研究和体系制造;有了这个主体,马克思主义的基本理论(不是三个组成部分)就可以各司其职。因此,马克思主义革命政党的锻造具有重要的意义。马克思主义"三者统一"理论是在1847年《哲学的贫困》中形成的,无产阶级革命政党是在第一国际时期(1864~1874)锻造出来的,前后相隔多年之久。这二者的关系有三个鲜明的特点:其一,理论制定在先,政党的锻造在后;其二,二者的结合是在第一国际工人运动中进行的;其三,第一国际工人运动时期也正是欧洲一些小资产阶级理论家活跃的时期,这些活动家都有自己的工人组织,形成了各种不同的宗派,因此这一时期既是无产阶级革命政党锻造的时期,又是其与各种小资产阶级的宗派主义斗争的时期。探讨和研究继马克思主义理论"三者统一"制定之后,在第一国际中马克思主义与小资产阶级宗派主义的斗争中锻造无产阶级革命政党的过程,具有重要的现实意义。

The Marxist study in our academic circle has focused on the three components of Marxism and its systematic elaboration, and has rarely touched on how the proletarian revolutionary party is produced. Due to the lack of this subject study, the Marxist theory is often misunderstood as the study of the only three components and its corresponding system. But only with this very study of the subject can the basic theories of Marxism perform their respective duties. Thus the forging of the Marxist revolutionary political party is of great significance. The Marxist theory of"unity of the three "was advanced in The Poverty of Philosophy in 1847 and the proletarian revolutionary party was forged in the First International period(1864-1874). The relationship between them has three distinct characteristics: First, the theoretical formulation was followed by the forging of the party;the second, their combination occurred in the first international workers movement; third, the first international workers' movement period coincided with the active period of some European petty bourgeois theorists. These activists had their own organizations and formed their different denominations. Thus this period was both the period of forging the proletarian revolutionary party and the period of its struggle against the sectarianism of the various petty bourgeoisie. It is of great practical significance to study the process of forging proletarian revolutionary political parties in the struggle between Marxism and petty bourgeois sectarianism in the First International world after the formulation of the"unity of the three"of the Marxist theory.