评列宁、考茨基关于十月革命问题的思想分歧(下)

A Critique on Lenin and Kautsky's Ideological Divergence on October Revolution(Ⅱ)

考茨基贬低无产阶级专政在马克思学说中的地位,说马克思没有"详细地指出他是怎样设想这个专政的",意即马克思不重视无产阶级专政问题。他还歪曲马克思的学说,说马克思认为无产阶级专政是从"纯粹民主中必然产生出来的状态"。列宁高度评价无产阶级专政在马克思学说中的地位,说无产阶级专政是马克思学说中的"主要之点",是马克思国家学说的"实质"。考茨基完全否定实践中的无产阶级专政,认为这个专政在实践中必将变成"对无产阶级的专政"。列宁则认为无产阶级专政是无产阶级对敌人的"最奋勇的和最无情的战争",是消灭资产阶级的武器。

Kautsky belittled the position of the proletarian dictatorship in Marx's theory by saying that Marx did not"specify in detail how he conceived the dictatorship", which means that Marx did not attach importance to the issue of proletarian dictatorship. He also distorted Marx's doctrine by saying that Marx considered the dictatorship of the proletariat stemming from the"inevitable state of pure democracy."Lenin spoke highly of the position of the proletarian dictatorship in the Marxist theory. He said that dictatorship of the proletariat is the"main point"of the theory and the"essence"of Marx's state theory. Kautsky totally negated the proletarian dictatorship in practice and believed that this dictatorship would surely become"the dictatorship of the proletariat"in practice. Instead, Lenin believed that the dictatorship of the proletariat is the"most courageous and ruthless war"against the enemy by the proletariat, and the weapon to destroy the bourgeoisie.