西藏阿里地区物种多样性

Biodiversity in Ngari of Tibet

西藏阿里地区平均海拔约4 500 m,气候独特,孕育了多种高原特有生物类群.为了更系统掌握该地区的生物资源现状,分析了阿里地区生物多样性.阿里地区脊椎动物有兽类6目12科26种、鸟类13目27科71种、爬行动物1目2科2属2种、鱼类2科12种(亚种)和极少的两栖类、水生无脊椎动物40属73种.植物有维管植物46科181属349种,藻类49属105种,植被类型包括草原、荒漠、草甸和沼泽等.此外,该地区栖息着一些与人类生产生活密切相关的物种,比如鼠疫宿主喜马拉雅旱獭,蝗虫,土拉菌病宿主西藏革蜱.阿里地区生物多样性尤其是低等无脊椎动物和低等植物以及资源微生物研究很少,生物多样性缺乏全面系统的调查.当前阿里地区的经济社会正在发生重大变化,其生物多样性及其利用开发也面临新的问题,因此急需再次进行综合科学考察,为资源保护和地区可持续发展提供科学依据.

Ngari of Tibet is located in the southwest border area of China,with an average elevation of about 4 500 m. Due to the special plateau climate, many unique organisms survive in here. In order to understand the present situation of biological resources, the biodiversity was analyzed by reviewing existing data. In Ngari of Tibet, there are 71 species of birds from 27 families of 13 orders,26 species of beasts from 12 families of 6 orders, 12 species （subspecies） of fish from 2 families,2 species of reptiles from 2 families of 1 order, few amphibians, 73 species of aquatic invertebrate from 40 genuses, 349 species of vascular plants from 181 genuses of 46 families and 105 species of algae from 49 genuses. The vegetation forms includ grassland, desert, meadow, swamp and so on. In addition, several species closely related to human production and life live in here, including Marmota himalayana （ the host of plague）, Dermacentor everestianus （ the host of freneisella tularensis）, and 9 species of locusts from 8 genera of 2 families. Above all, there was a lack of systematic investigation, especially in the lower invertebrates, lower plant and microorganism resource. In the background of west development and ecological civilization construction, the transportation, industrial structure and consumption patterns are changing obviously in Ngari of Tibet. The protection and utilization of biodiversity resources is facing the new challenge. Therefore,it is urgent to carry out systematic scientific investigation again,which will provide a scientific basis for resource protection and regional sustainable development.