中国15城市1～12月龄婴儿胃肠道常见问题的流行状况研究

Survey on common gastrointestinal problems among infants aged 1～12 months in fifteen cities in China

目的了解不同月龄婴儿常见胃肠道症状的流行情况,为临床门诊开展胃肠道常见问题筛查、干预和咨询指导服务提供依据。方法在我国的东、中、西部选择15个主要城市,采用整群抽样的方法在每个城市单纯随机抽样选择一个或多个社区作为样本区,开展横断面调查。调查对象为1~12月龄婴儿,对婴儿抚养人进行面对面问卷调查。结果调查共收集婴儿4 202例,1 411例存在胃肠道问题(33.6%)。溢奶、过度哭闹、稀便、排便困难或大便干结的患病率分别为14.4%、1.7%、23.0%、8.5%。婴儿中存在单一溢奶者8.9%、单一过度哭闹0.7%、单一稀便10.3%、单一排便困难或大便干结7.9%;同时存在两种及以上问题的婴儿中,溢奶合并稀便症状所占比例最高,为4.3%。溢奶、过度哭闹和稀便问题的发生率随月龄增加逐渐减小(P值均<0.05),排便困难或大便干结的发生率随月龄增加而逐渐增高(P<0.05)。结论婴儿存在较高比例的溢奶、稀便等问题,重点关注6月龄的婴儿及其抚养人。应对孕妇和新生儿父母开展有针对性地处理胃肠道常见相关问题的护理和喂养知识,发现问题能够早期给予婴儿进行筛查诊疗服务以及对家长安抚教育。

Objective To study the situation of common gastrointestinal problems among 1-12 months infants in 15 Chinese cities,and to provide theoretical basis for early-stage prevention and intervention against infantile gastrointestinal common problems. Methods Totally fifteen cities were chosen according to China′s geological and demographic distribution.Randomly cluster sampling method was used to choose a community within each city as the sample region.Infants aged 1-2 months were enrolled and their caregivers were interviewed by face-to-face questionnaire survey. Results Of4 202 recruited infants,1 411 infants（33.6%）had common gastrointestinal problems.The prevalence of regurgitation,excessive crying,loose stools,dyschezia or dry stools were 14.4%,1.7%,23.0% and 8.5%,respectively.The prevalence of single regurgitation,excessive crying,loose stools,dyschezia or dry stools in infants with common gastrointestinal problems were 8.9%,0.7%,10.3% and 7.9%,respectively.Among complicated symptoms,the one with the highest rate was regurgitation and loose stools（4.3%）;The prevalence rate peaked among infants aged 1-6 months,and the prevalence rate of regurgitation,excessive crying and loose stools dropped sharply with the age increased（P〈0.05） while the prevalence rate of dyschezia or dry stools increased（P〈0.05）. Conclusions Gastrointestinal common problems in Chinese infants is increasingly prevalent.It is suggested to give related health education on gastrointestinal problems and feeding,thereby signifying the importance of primary prevention and intervention for infants and caregivers.