乌鲁木齐市中学生饮食行为及其与超重肥胖的相关性研究

Study on dietary behavior of middle school students in Urumqi and the correlation with overweight and obesity

目的了解乌鲁木齐市中学生饮食行为状况及其与肥胖之间的相关关系,为有效引导中学生合理饮食行为,保障健康成长提供依据。方法 2016年5月以班级为单位采用整群抽样的方法在乌鲁木齐市所有中学中随机抽取4所学校72个班级的3 458名中学生进行问卷调查。结果经常吃新鲜水果、经常吃甜零食、经常吃蔬菜、讨厌吃某类食物的女生(87.6%、61.2%、93.5%、45.6%)比例显著高于男生(54.3%、51.5%、91.2%、39.7%),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。经常吃新鲜水果、经常喝牛奶、经常吃早餐的汉族学生(87.5%、72.4%、86.2%)比例高于少数民族学生(55.0%、65.7%、83.4%),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素分析显示,男生(OR=1.44,95%CI为1.09~1.88)、存在不良饮食习惯(OR=1.43,95%CI为1.11~1.89)和经常吃小摊食品(OR=1.34,95%CI为1.08~1.73)的中学生是超重肥胖的危险因素。结论中学生不良饮食习惯与肥胖存在相关关系,应加强中学生良好饮食行为教育,并运用到生活中预防肥胖的发生,以促进其健康发展。

Objective To understand the dietary behavior of middle school students in Urumqi and the relationship between dietary behavior and obesity,in order to guide the reasonable dietary behaviors of middle school students and provide basis for healthy growth. Method A total of 3 458 middle school students from 72 classes in 4 schools in Urumqi were randomly selected to complete the questionnaires by cluster sampling method in May 2016. Results The rates of eating fresh fruit frequently（87.6% vs.54.3%）,eating sweet snacks frequently（61.2% vs.51.5%）,eating vegetables frequently（93.5% vs.91.2%）,dislike eating certain food（61.2% vs.51.5%）in girls were significantly higher than those in boys（P〈0.01）.The rates of eating fresh fruit frequently（87.5%vs.55.0%）,having milk frequently（72.4%vs.65.7%）,having breakfast（86.2%vs.83.4%）in Han students were significantly higher than those in ethnic minority students（P 0.05）.Multi-factor analysis showed that boys（OR=1.44,95% CI：1.09-1.88）,poor eating habits（OR=1.43,95% CI：1.11-1.89）,and often eating food at a roadside stall（OR=1.34,95% CI：1.08-1.73）were risk factors for overweight and obesity in middle school students. Conclusions The unhealthy eating habits of middle school students are related to obesity.It is supposed to strengthen health education on the good diet behavior to middle school students in order to promote their healthy development.