新一轮“人才争夺战”的工具导向和价值反思:基于政策文本分析的视角

Instrumental Orientation and Value Reflection in New Round of "Talents War" : Under the Perspective of Policy Text Analysis

人才作为支撑创新驱动战略和高质量发展的核心资源历来是各地方政府争夺的对象。2017年以来,各大中城市纷纷出台人口引进政策,将"人才争夺战"推向白热化。本文以2017年以来37个城市的人才吸引政策为研究对象,以政策作用面和共词分析为方法 ,梳理了政策竞争中工具导向和竞争关切价值。研究发现,本轮"人才争夺战"的本质是将人口作为产业和区域发展重要资源的地方政府间竞争。主要目标是高端人才和高校毕业生,需求面政策比例过高,政策工具较为单一且同质化现象突出。基于此,本文建议中央政府评估竞争可能诱发的资源错配和零和博弈风险。建议地方政府在竞争过程中厘清政府和市场的关系,重视先发优势和错位竞争,丰富备择政策工具,优化政策协同体系,平衡人才引进和人才培养的关系。

As the core resource shoring up innovation-driven strategy and high-quality development, talents have always been the target scrambled by local governments. Major cities have been promulgated lots of special policies to attract talent since 2017, which turning the ＂talents war＂ to hysteric stage. This article sets talents introducing policies of 37 big and middle sized cities in recent two years as research object, using the demand- supply side analysis and the co-word analysis as methods to sort out the policy tools chosen and concerned value among this competition. Upon this study we find that the essence of the talents war stem from the war between local governments which regards population as vital resource supporting the regional development of industry and economy. Demand-supply side analysis prove that local governments over rely on demand-side policies. Co-word analysis show that the main targets of this competition are senior talents and college graduates, at the meantime, policy instruments tend to be homogenized. Based on the research discovery, authors suggest that the central government should pay more attention to the potential risk of resource mismatched and zero-sum games triggered by talents war. As for local governments, the relationship and boundary between government and market needs to be clarified; the advantages of first-mover and dislocation competition can pull the competition back to reason; more policy instruments need to be taken into consideration; diverse policies should integrate to system; the relationship between talent introduction and local personnel training need to be balanced.