理想的再构造:经典劳动关系学者对集体谈判的作用机制的构建

The Reconstruction of Ideal: The Construction of Collective Bargaining by Classical Labor Relations Students

在经典劳动关系学者的剖析中,劳动关系由交换关系,人际关系与"沟通-同意"三种要素构成。在资本主义发展过程中,三种要素分别遭到扭曲,交换关系的不平等,人际关系的专制以及"沟通"的消失使得劳动争议与劳动问题发生。针对以上"扭曲",集体谈判制度分别做出了修正:在交换关系上,集体谈判通过"集体性交易"弥补了"劳动劣势";在人际关系上,集体谈判将民主过程引入所有权框架内修正了资本一方对于劳动条件的专制;作为集体性的沟通与同意,它修正了工厂制度下产业中的"纪律-服从"系统,消除了劳资之间的隔阂。集体谈判的三重作用机制,取决于劳动关系的基本结构,而维系于市场经济这一社会结构。经典学者这一分析理路,对于中国和谐劳动关系的研究和构建,有着重要的方法论意义。

Based on the classical writing of students on Industrial Relations, labor relations in Market Economy, as an analysis concept, are consisted of the three elements as the transactional relations, the human relations and communication-consensus, the balance of which results in a harmony of the relations. As the capitalism evolves, however, the balance is challenged with the inequity of transactional relations （ granted by labor disadvantages）, the autocracy on human relations （vested by ownership） and an invalidity of communication（for the emergence of factory ）, which makes the root of labor disputes and the Labor Problem. The mechanism of Collective Bargaining should be interpreted in the structure of labor relations. Firstly, to balance the transactional relations, the Labor Disadvantage are revised by the collective process of transaction and therefore. Secondly the codetermination process of Collective Bargaining inherently changes the autocracy on labor. Thirdly, the process of Collective Bargaining is a process of communication per se, which reserves the consensus of relations beyond the system of discipline.