摘要
【目的】研究不同施氮量下的植株氮素营养状况与小麦倒伏的内在联系,揭示施氮影响小麦倒伏的机制。【方法】以豫麦49-198和周麦16两个品种为试材,在河南省禹州市布置了田间试验。设0、120、180、240、360 kg/hm^2 5个氮肥用量处理,于返青、拔节和开花期测定小麦植株含氮量,收获期调查倒伏情况,测定小麦植株茎秆性状和籽粒产量,并对小麦倒伏与植株氮素营养指标进行相关性分析。【结果】随氮肥用量增加,周麦16、豫麦49-198小麦倒伏率和倒伏指数都呈上升趋势,当两个品种小麦的施氮量分别达到180kg/hm^2和240 kg/hm^2时,继续增加施氮量,两个品种的倒伏率和倒伏指数增加不显著,豫麦49-198最高倒伏率为61.8%,周麦16为23.3%;随氮肥用量增加,两品种小麦株高、茎长、穗长、基部节间长度,以及返青、拔节、开花期植株氮浓度和茎基部硝酸盐含量也呈增加趋势。豫麦49-198倒伏率和倒伏指数及茎秆参数均高于周麦16。倒伏后,随着氮肥用量增加,豫麦49-198和周麦16千粒重及产量下降幅度逐渐增加,千粒重平均降幅分别为11.3%和6.3%。相关分析显示,豫麦49-198和周麦16倒伏率都与小麦株高、穗长和基部节间长度呈极显著正相关;两个品种小麦不同生育期整株、茎鞘和根系氮浓度以及茎基部硝酸盐含量均与小麦倒伏率呈显著正相关。【结论】施氮量超过180 kg/hm^2时,倒伏导致小麦千粒重和产量下降幅度加大,且倒伏所造成的减产负效应大于氮肥的增产作用。因此,应控制施氮量以确保小麦高产稳产。
【Objectives】The purpose of this study was to clarify the intrinsic relationship between nitrogen nutrition and wheat lodging, and also to reveal the mechanism of how nitrogen fertilization affects wheat lodging.【Methods】A field experiment was carried out in Yuzhou city, Henan province. Two wheat cultivars,Yumai49-198(YM49-198) and Zhoumai16(ZM16), were used with five different nitrogen levels(0, 120, 180,240 and 360 kg/hm^2) to explore the effect of nitrogen content on wheat lodging. Nitrogen concentration in wheat at different growth stages was anlyzed, the lodging situation, stem traits and grain yield of wheat were investigated at the maturity. The correlation between the lodging of wheat and the nitrogen nutrition index of the plant was also analyzed.【Results】The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the lodging rates and lodging indexes of YM49-198 and ZM16 had an increasing trend, more nitrogen rate led the lodging rates and lodging indexes of ZM16 and YM49-198 increased insignificantly when nitrogen application rates were 180 kg/hm^2 and 240 kg/hm^2, respectively, and the highest lodging rates were 23.3% and 61.8%, respectively. The plant height, stem length, ear length and the length of base internode of both cultivars also showed increasing trends. On the other hand, the nitrogen concentration and the content of basal stem nitrate-N were also increased at the returning, jointing and anthesis stages. Compared with ZM16, YM49-198 showed a higher lodging rate, lodging index and stalk parameter. After lodging, the decrease amplitude of yield and 1000 grain weight of both cultivars increased gradually as the nitrogen fertilizer rate increased, while the average decreases of 1000 grain weight were11.3% and 6.3% for YM49-198 and ZM16, respectively. The correlation analysis indicated that lodging rates were significantly related to plant height, ear length and base internode length. Further analysis showed that the nitrogen concentrations of whole plant, stem and root, and basal stem nitrate-N of wheat at different growth stages were all significantly and positively correlated to the lodging rates.【Conclusions】When nitrogen application rate was exceeded 180 kg/hm^2, wheat lodging resulted in more decreases of grain weight and yield. This negative effect on yield caused by lodging was far greater than the positive effect on yield increase caused by nitrogen fertilizer application. Therefore, the rate of nitrogen applied should be controlled at a proper level to ensure high and stable yield of wheat.
作者
安志超
黄玉芳
赵亚南
汪洋
刘小宁
叶优良
AN Zhi-chao;Huang Yu-fang;ZHAO Ya-nan;WANG Yang;LIU Xiao-ning;YE You-liang(College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Chin)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期751-757,共7页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31471935)
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200107)资助
关键词
小麦
倒伏
植株氮浓度
茎基部硝酸盐
千粒重
wheat
lodging
plant nitrogen concentration
basal stem nitrate-N
1000 grain weight