从官僚知识到个人知识--国家治理转向的知识逻辑

From Bureaucratic Knowledge to Personal Knowledge:The Knowledge Logic of State Governance Turn

国家治理需要相应的知识。根据知识的特性及其主体来划分,影响国家治理的知识主要可分为官僚知识和个人知识。官僚知识以国家机构及其职责权利为中心,是专业化、标准化和系统性的知识,集中体现为各种制度性知识。国家治理对官僚知识具有与生俱来的偏好,但也容易导致官僚知识的本位主义。个人知识是个人基于学习和实践而形成的价值、智慧和技能等。个人知识能够弥补官僚知识的不足,提供国家治理必不可少的知识资源,在现代国家治理中扮演着日益重要的角色,国家治理也出现了从官僚知识迈向个人知识的转向。推进国家治理现代化,应当破除官僚知识自我中心主义的思维,建立健全利用个人知识的制度机制,全面提高国家治理的效能。

State governance needs to match corresponding knowledge. According to the characteristics of knowledge and its chief elements, the knowledge related to state governance can be divided into bureaucratic and personal knowledge. The bureaucratic knowledge revolves around the state agencies and their rights and duties. It is a kind of specialized, standardized, and systematic knowledge, and is showed in various institutional knowledge. Although state governance prefers to bureaucratic knowledge, it can easily bring about bureaucracybased knowledge. Personal knowledge is from personal values, wisdom and skills based on his learning and practice. Personal knowledge can make up for the bureaucratic knowledge, provide the necessary knowledge for state governance, and play an increasingly important role in the governance of modern states. Besides, state governance has also seen a turn from bureaucratic knowledge to personal knowledge. To promote the modernization of our country＇s governance, we should remove the bureaucratic-knowledge-egoism thought, establish and improve the institutions of using personal knowledge to improve the effectiveness of state governance.