妊娠期糖尿病的医学营养治疗

Medical nutrition treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus

中国妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患病率在增加,而不断升高的血糖水平与母体并发症及新生儿代谢性疾病成正相关。医学营养治疗(medical nutrition treatment,MNT)是糖尿病预防、管理和自我管理教育不可或缺的一部分。GDM的MNT需要为胎儿和母体健康提供充足的营养,同时在无酮症的情况下达到正常的血糖水平,并提供充足的能量使妊娠期获得适当的体重增长,以最大限度地确保母体及胎儿的安全,并改善GDM孕妇的远期预后。

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM） is increasing in China, while the rising blood glucose level is positively correlated with maternal complications and neonatal metabolic diseases. Medical nutrition treatment（MNT） is an integral part of diabetes prevention, management and self-management education. MNTs for GDM need to provide adequate nutrition for fetal and maternal health while achieving normal blood sugar levels in the absence of ketosis and provide sufficient energy for proper weight gain during pregnancy, in order to maximize maternal and fetal safety and to improve the long-term prognosis of pregnant women with GDM.