美国高校创客人才培养范式及启示

Study on Cultivation Paradigms of Maker Talents in American Colleges and Universities and Its Implications

美国作为世界创新强国,在信息技术和互联网高速发展的时代,致力于建设创客国家。与此相适应,美国高校对推进国家创客运动发展发挥其领导力作用,着力于创客人才的培养和开发。通过梳理和归纳美国高校创客人才培养的主要举措和经验,发现美国高校创客人才培养的主要范式包括:注重创客理念先行,多方位打造适合高校特征的校园创客文化;建立高校创客联盟,共同致力于创客人才培养;基于STEM,强调跨学科、开放式培养创客人才。美国高校致力于创客人才培养的特色举措,对我国高校创客人才培养具有重要的启发。

As an innovative country in the world, America is committed to building a nation of makers with the rapid development of information technology and internet. American colleges and universities play a leading role in advancing the National Maker Movement. By analyzing maker talents development measures used at American colleges and universities and their experiences based on reviewing the existing literature, this study elaborates the main paradigms of maker talent cultivation in America. Led by maker philosophy, they foster campus maker culture by using multi-dimensional measures featuring different college and university＇s characteristics, cultivating and developing maker talents by establishing maker alliance among colleges and universities, emphasizing interdisciplinary and open maker talents development based on STEM. This paper concludes with the implications for cultivating maker talents in China colleges and universities.