柏拉图发生论思想初探

The Primary Investigation to Genetic Thought of Plato

近年来，从事古希腊哲学研究的中国学者不断进行方法论的反思，一些学者提出要用发生学的方法解读古希腊哲学文本，深化对古希腊哲学思想的理解。“发生”是一个重要的哲学概念，在古希腊哲学中出现得很早。与汉语“发生”词义基本对应的希腊语词是“γευεσι ”，主要含义有发生、出生、产生、生成、变成。柏拉图有关发生的思想相当丰富，但在表述上是零碎的、不系统的，缺乏深入论证的。他的相关思想为后来亚里士多德所做的工作奠定了基础。柏拉图的发生论思想达到了一定的理论高度。作为一种方法论，它预设了普遍的因果关系、知识整体论及历史的线性发展，认为事物的发生和发展先行包含于它的规定性本质之中。柏拉图的发生论思想是近代科学发生论思想和马克思主义发生论思想的胚胎和萌芽。

In recent years, Chinese scholars in research on ancient Greek philosophy engaged methodological reflection; many scholars have proposed to use genetic method to deepen the understanding to the texts of the ancient Greek philosophy. Genesis is an important philosophical concept, which appeared very early in ancient Greek. The author puts ＂genesis＂ problem into the context of the Platonic dialogues, studying the origin of the term, to reveal the rich connotation of the concept, on the basis of the reflection of Plato＇s relevant theory, to clarify its modern significance. The first part of the paper differentiates and analyses the meanings of genesis; the second part elaborates Plato＇s genetic thought; the third part reveals the modern significance of Plato＇s genetic thought.