“行政共同体”:对城市政府结构化过程的一种解释

Administrative Community:An Explanation of City Governmental Structuralization

“行政共同体”是基于城市政府的结构化过程提出的一种理论解释，它指城市政府内的各级政府是按照相似原则组织起来的机械统一体。在“行政共同体”中，自上而下的“包含关系”与自下而上的“依附关系”是城市政府结构化过程的两个基本关系。在城市政府中，各级“行政共同体”需要同时承担“行政管理”与“意见综合”的双重职责，从而形成了以“命令-协调”为工具的行政管理过程与以“政治整合”为导向的意见综合过程。在实际运作过程中，政治层面的“级别机制”与“联责机制”为“行政共同体”提供了政治保障。从正面影响上看，“行政共同体”使城市管理体制具有较好的行政弹性。从负面影响来看，“行政共同体”阻碍了城市政府与民间社会之间的有效互动。只有推动“行政共同体”向更加开放的“城市共同体”转变，才能深度推进城市政府职责转变与城市治理水平的提升。

The administrative community, which means that the administrative organizations at various levels in the city government is organized by the principle of similar mechanical unity, is a theoretical explanation of city governmental structuralization, which based on the perspective of process analysis. In the administrative community, the top-down ＂inclusion relationship＂ and bottom-up ＂dependency relationship＂ are two basic relationships of city government structuralization. In the city government, all levels of administrative community need to perform a dual duty： the administrative management and opininon＇s integration （expression）. In the process of this performance, the administrative management process taking ＂command-coordination＂ as the tool and opinion＇s integrated （expression） process oriented by ＂political integration＂ has been formed. During the operation of adminstrative community, the ＂level mechanism＂ and ＂accountability mechanism＂ provide political guarantee for the administrative community. From the positive influence, administrative community make the city administrative system has better administrative flexibility. From the negative influence, the administrative community hinders the effective interaction between city government and society. Only by promoting the transformation of the administrative community to a more open city community, we can deepen the transformation of city governmental responsibilities and improvement the capacity of urban governance.