基于GIS的吉林市区地下水埋深空间异质性分析

Spatial variability of groundwater depth based on GIS in Jilin Urban Area

运用地统计学方法,根据降水丰枯特性,选取吉林市区67眼监测井1984-2014年地下水埋深资料,研究分析了该地区地下水埋深的空间变异性和变化规律。结果表明,市区地下水埋深的空间相关性逐年增强,1984-1999年具有中等空间相关性,2000-2014年具有强烈的空间相关性,1984年和1999年空间最大相关距离较小,空间自相关距离小,连续性较差,其余各年份相关距离较大。各向异性比总体呈减小趋势,说明地下水埋深空间分布各向异性逐渐增大。克里金插值结果显示,研究区地下水埋深除了随地形高程和水源地分布空间变化,还受开采强度的影响,呈现出动态的变化过程。开采漏斗区地下水埋深近几年趋于稳定。

According to the characteristics of precipitation and the groundwater depth data of 67 monito- ring wells from 1984 to 2014, a geo-statistical method was used to analyze the spatial variability and change rules in Jilin urban area. The result shows that the spatial correlation of groundwater depth in the urban area increases gradually and the groundwater depth is of moderate spatial correlation from 1984 to 1999, whereas from 2000 to 2014 spatial correlation is intensive. The maximum spatial correlation dis- tance between 1984 and 1999 is relatively small. The spatial autocorrelation distance in 1984 and 1999 is less than that in other years, leading to a poor spatial continuity of groundwater depth during this period. Anisotropy ratio decreases over time in generally, which indicates that the spatial anisotropy of urban groundwater depth is increasing gradually. Kriging interpolation result shows that the groundwater depth of the study area changes with terrain elevation and water source regions＂ distribution, and the result also presents a dynamic changing process in the influence of mining intensity. The groundwater depth of subsi- ding center tend to stabilize in recent years.