铁路编组站噪声测试与分析

A Study on Noise Testing and Analysis at Train Marshalling Yards

为研究铁路编组站对周围环境的噪声影响情况,通过对编组站噪声源的分析,明确主要噪声源来自于编组站调车作业过程中驼峰减速器设备所产生的噪声。选择较为典型的编组站作为测试对象,对驼峰调车场的车辆减速器噪声、编组站厂界噪声及周边小区环境进行布点监测;采用数据统计、数值分析、时域分析、频谱分析等方法,得出车辆减速器的噪声传播规律方程、噪声超标情况及噪声特性等。测试分析结果表明:编组站调车作业量越大,周边小区楼层越高,噪声声级越高;减速器设备所产生噪声随着测试距离增加,噪声等效声压级呈减弱趋势,噪声频率特征主要为中高频段噪声。

In order to understand the influence of the noise at train marshalling yards on their neighboring communities, this paper analyzes the noise sources of train marshalling yards, and finds that the main source of the noises is the hump car retarders during their shunting operation at train marshalling yards. This paper also monitors a typical train marshalling yard from three aspects： the noise from the car retarders, the boundary noise and their influence on the neighboring communities. On the other hand, this paper obtains the equation of noise transmission, and studies the elevated levels and characteristics of the noises by applying the methods of data statistics, numerical analysis, time-domain analysis and spectral analysis. The findings are： 1. The more shunting operation is conducted at the train marshalling yard and the higher the apartments in the neighboring communities are, the higher the noise level will be; 2. The farther the measuring distance is, the lower the equivalent sound level of the noises will be; 3. The noises are mainly in the medium and high frequency ranges.