圆柏花粉变应性鼻炎临床症状的危险因素分析

Factors associated with the severity of allergic rhinitis caused by cypress pollens

目的探讨圆柏花粉过敏所致变应性鼻炎(AR)严重程度相关的危险因素。方法从北京协和医院变态反应科门诊招募圆柏花粉AR患者55例。通过调查问卷了解患者的基本信息及临床特点,在圆柏花粉授粉期间用电子日记准确记录患者每日鼻结膜炎症状评分,以分析影响AR病情轻重的危险因素。结果多元线性回归分析显示,花粉季中患者日均症状评分与其每日在室外暴露时长呈显著正相关,回归系数0.382,95%置信区间(0.163,0.601);同时也与阳性过敏家族史呈显著正相关,回归系数0.926,95%置信区间(0.188,1.664)。而患者的AR病程长度、是否合并哮喘、家中有无宠物、是否存在主动或被动吸烟史等因素与日均症状评分均未见显著关联。结论圆柏花粉AR症状严重程度受患者过敏性疾病家族史、花粉授粉期间室外暴露时长影响。

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with the severity of allergic rhinitis among rhinitis patients caused by cypress pollens. Methods Patients of seasonal allergic rhinitis with or without asthma caused by cypress pollens were recruited into the study conducted in the Allergy Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The information about demographic characteristics and clinical features of the patients were collected through a questionnaire survey. During the cypress pollen season, patients recorded daily symptom scores in the electronic diary cards. Then the associations between the features of patients and their daily symptom scores were ana- lyzed to investigate potential risk factors affecting the severity of allergic rhinitis. Results Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant positive correlation between the time length of outdoor exposure of the patient and his daily symptom score in the cypress pollen season, with regression coefficient of 0. 382, 95% CI （0. 163,0. 601）. There was also significant correlation between positive family history of allergic diseases and higher daily symptom score, with regression coefficient of 0. 926, 95% CI （0. 188,1. 664）. By contrast, no significant association was observed between the daily symptom score and duration of rhinitis, history of wheeze, exposure to fur-bearing pets, or tobacco exposure. Conclusion The severity of allergic rhinitis caused by pollens might be associated with the family history of allergic diseases and the time length of outdoor exposure during the pollen season.