时差与西安事变时间之谜

Time Differences and the Mystery of the Xi'an Incident

1936年前后,西安地方时、中原标准时与陇蜀标准时在西安当地不同领域和群体中混合使用。这种情况导致不同来源的西安事变史料所记录的具体时间点多存歧异,对关键时间点的相关表述亦众说纷纭。从时差和不同时间制度的视角,仔细爬梳和比较各种档案和报刊记录以及不同当事人的回忆材料,当不难确定西安事变的关键时间点,并可对此前研究成果的种种歧异加以合理的解释。时差因素对西安事变史料和研究的影响并非孤例。清末民初以来,中国不同地区和群体渐次经历了从地方时向标准时的转变。这种时间上不同步、不统一的现象应该引起研究者足够的重视。

Before and after 1936, Xi＇an Local Time, Central Plains Standard Time, and Gansu-Sichuan Stand- ard Time were mixed together in different areas and among different groups in Xi＇ an. This situation led to differ- ences in the specific time points of the Xi＇ an Incident recorded by different historical sources. In addition, there were also different opinions about the relevant expressions at key time points. From the point of view of the time difference and the different time systems, by carefully combing and comparing the various archives, newspapers, and reminiscences by different parties, it is not difficult to determine the key time points during the Xi＇ an Inci- dent, and it is also possible to rationalize the various differences in previous research results. The influence of the time differences on the historical data and research regarding the Xi＇ an Incident is not an isolated case. Since the end of the Qing dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China, different regions and groups in China experienced a gradual shift from local to standard time. This phenomenon of non-synchronous and inconsistent time should attract the attention of researchers.