黄芩花粉活力及柱头可授性分析

Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Scutellaria baicalensis

目的：研究黄芩的花粉活力和柱头可授性,为其人工杂交育种积累资料。方法：采用碘-碘化钾（I2-KI）法,运用2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑（TTC）法测定黄芩花粉活力;采用I2-KI法测定不同贮藏方式、贮藏温度及时间对黄芩花粉活力的影响;采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定黄芩柱头可授性。结果：I2-KI,TTC法对黄芩花粉活力的检测效果一致,其花粉活力随散粉时间延长的变化情况为先升高后降低;开花后第4天的黄芩花粉活力达到最高值,1 d当中8：00-18：00的花粉活力均超过62%,12：00左右花粉活力最强,为86.58%;花粉活力随贮藏时间的延长而呈现出下降趋势,因贮藏方法（干法和湿法）不同存在差异;黄芩柱头的增长速率于开花后第5天趋于稳定,第6天可授性最强。结论：黄芩人工授粉的最佳时期是开花后5-7d,可以采集开花后第4天的花粉对开花后第5-7天的柱头进行人工授粉杂交。

Objective： To provide theoretical basis for artificial cross breeding of Scutellaria baicalensis by studying the characteristics of stigma receptivity as well as the viability and life-span of pollen. Method： The pollen viability of S. baicalensis was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride（ TTC） and iodinepotassium iodide（ I2-KI） tests,and the pollen viability under different storage methods,temperatures and duration were detected by I2-KI test. Furthermore,the stigma receptivity was detected by benzidine-H2 O2 method. Result：TTC and I2-KI showed the same effectiveness in the detection of pollen viability. The pollen viability of S. baicalensis demonstrated increase first and then decrease with the increase of blooming time. The highest pollen viability was at day 4 after blooming. Among 8： 00 to 18： 00,pollen viability was over 62%; and at about12： 00,pollen viability was highest（ 86. 58%）. The pollen viability was decreased with the extension of storage time,with difference between different storage methods（ dry method and wet method）. The growth rate of stigma tended to be stable at day 5 after blooming,and the stigma receptivity was strongest at day 6. Conclusion： The best time of artificial pollination of S. baicalensis is day 5-7 after blooming,and the pollen at day 4 after blooming could be used to pollinate the stigma at day 5-7 after blooming.