孔子“有教无类”思想的内涵及其现实基础与理论依据

Confucius on education for all and theoretical basis

"有教无类"是孔子创办私学的指导思想,其实质是教育机会均等和教育普及,意思是施教应当不分类别,人人都应享有受教育的机会和权利。"有教无类"思想的提出,不仅有着深厚的现实基础,而且具有坚实的理论依据。其现实基础包括:"天子失官、学在四夷"的政治与教育基础,"文化下移"的文化基础,"士"阶层兴起的社会基础;其理论依据包括:"性相近"的生理学和心理学依据,"习相远"的教育学依据。"有教无类"思想不仅根植于当时中国的教育现实,还指向人类的教育未来;不仅反映了孔子的教育理想,还反映并代表着人类对教育普及和教育机会均等的美好追求。

Education for all is the guide for Confucius to establish his private school,the essence of which is everyone enjoys equal opportunity of education.This paper endeavors to discuss its theoretical basis and realistic foundation.The realistic foundations include political,cultural and social ones,while theoretical bases include physiological,psychological and educational ones.Hence,Confucian idea of education for all speaks for human pursuit for universal education in dimensions.